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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the sustainable performance of basic materials sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021-2023 period. This research method is descriptive quantitative. The sample selection technique used purposive sampling technique so that a sample of 34 companies was obtained with a unit of analysis of 102 companies. The data analysis method uses path analysis. The results showed that green investment has no significant effect on financial performance or sustainability performance, because most companies make green investments only to fulfill regulations, not as a main business strategy. In contrast, CSR investment is proven to have a positive effect on financial performance and sustainability performance, because CSR can improve corporate reputation, stakeholder loyalty, and direct social and environmental impacts. Financial performance has no significant effect on sustainability performance and does not mediate the relationship between green investment and CSR investment with sustainability performance, indicating that sustainability requires a commitment that goes beyond economic aspects. The contribution of this research enriches the literature on sustainability in developing countries and provides input for the formulation of policies that support the effectiveness of CSR and green investment.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Alifia Putri Puspitasari, Astrini Aning Widoretno

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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References
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- Dai, Y., Abdul-Samad, Z., Chupradit, S., Nassani, A. A., Haffar, M., & Michel, M. (2022). Influence of CSR and leadership style on sustainable performance: moderating impact of sustainable entrepreneurship and mediating role of organizational commitment. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 35(1), 3917–3939. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.2007151
- Devi Selvarajah, D., Murthy, U., & Massilamani, M. (2018). The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm’s Financial Performance in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(3), 220. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n3p220
- Dowling, J., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Pacific Sociological Association Organizational Legitimacy: Social Values and Organizational Behavior. Source: The Pacific Sociological Review, 18(1), 122–136.
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- Fachrozi,F., Mariana, M.,& Santoso, E. (2025). Peran Environmental Policy Sebagai Moderasi Pengaruh Green Investment Dan Csr Investment. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Syariah) 8(1), 24–33.
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- Marhfor, A., Bouslah, K., & Hmaittane, A. (2022). Does Firm Political Risk Affect the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Value? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811217
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References
An, Y., & Madni, G. R. (2023). Factors affecting the green investment and assessing sustainable performance of firms in China. PLoS ONE, 18(12 December), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296099
Azmi, M. F., Yusralaini, Y., & Rofika, R. (2021). Modal Intelektual Dan Kinerja Keuangan : Keunggulan Bersaing Sebagai Variabel Intervening. CURRENT: Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi dan Bisnis Terkini, 2(2), 239–258. https://doi.org/10.31258/jc.2.2.239-258
Cochran, P., & Wood, R. (1984). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance. Academy of Management Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/255956
Dai, Y., Abdul-Samad, Z., Chupradit, S., Nassani, A. A., Haffar, M., & Michel, M. (2022). Influence of CSR and leadership style on sustainable performance: moderating impact of sustainable entrepreneurship and mediating role of organizational commitment. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 35(1), 3917–3939. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.2007151
Devi Selvarajah, D., Murthy, U., & Massilamani, M. (2018). The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm’s Financial Performance in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(3), 220. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n3p220
Dowling, J., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Pacific Sociological Association Organizational Legitimacy: Social Values and Organizational Behavior. Source: The Pacific Sociological Review, 18(1), 122–136.
Dzomonda, O., & Fatoki, O. (2020). Environmental sustainability commitment and financial performance of firms listed on the johannesburg stock exchange (JSE). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207504
Fachrozi,F., Mariana, M.,& Santoso, E. (2025). Peran Environmental Policy Sebagai Moderasi Pengaruh Green Investment Dan Csr Investment. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Syariah) 8(1), 24–33.
Faizah, B. S. Q. (2020). Penerapan Green Accounting Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Kontemporer, 12(2), 94–99. https://doi.org/10.23969/jrak.v12i2.2779
Indriastuti, M., & Chariri, A. (2021). The role of green investment and corporate social responsibility investment on sustainable performance. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1960120
Jan, A., Marimuthu, M., & Mohd, M. (2019). The nexus of sustainability practices and financial performance: From the perspective of Islamic banking.
Marhfor, A., Bouslah, K., & Hmaittane, A. (2022). Does Firm Political Risk Affect the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Value? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811217
Meadows, D. (1994). Envisioning a sustainable world. Creating a Sustainable and Desirable Future: Insights from 45 Global Thought Leaders, 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814546898_0002
Najihah, N., Indriastuti, M., & Suhendi, C. (2021). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Cost on Financial Performance. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.6226/NTUMR.202008_30(2).0007
Nurmalasari, N., & Kania, S. D. (2024). the Role of Green Investment on Sustainable Performance With Financial Performance As a Mediating Variable (Case Studies on Manufacturing Industrial Companies Listed on the Idx for the 2018-2022 Period). Seminar Nasional Pariwisata dan Kewirausahaan (SNPK), 3(April), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.36441/snpk.vol3.2024.281
Pedron, A. P. B., Macagnan, C. B., Simon, D. S., & Vancin, D. F. (2020). Environmental disclosure effects on returns and market value.
Pham, D. C., Do, T. N. A., Doan, T. N., Nguyen, T. X. H., & Pham, T. K. Y. (2021). The impact of sustainability practices on financial performance: empirical evidence from Sweden. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1912526
Rohmandika, M. S., & Oktaviana, U. K. (2024). Sharia Bank’S Attention Related To Sustainability Performance, Through Financial Performance, Good Corporate Governance, and Risk Management. SULTANIST: Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan, 12(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.37403/sultanist.v12i1.564
Rosyid, R., & Mulatsih, S. N. (2024). the Role of Green Investment and Environmental Performance on Financial Performance With Moderation of Company Size. Jurnal Comparative: Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 6(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.31000/combis.v6i1.10909
Rusli, Y. M. (2019). Environmental Performance Versus Corporate Financial Performance (Environemntal Media Exposure di Indonesia). Equity, 22(1), 89–108. https://doi.org/10.34209/equ.v22i1.928
Saenggo, A. T. P., & Widoretno, A. A. (2024). Exploring the Impacts of Green Accounting, Sustainability Report Disclosure, and Environmental Investment on Financial Performance. JASa (Jurnal Akuntansi, Audit dan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi), 8(2), 420–432. https://doi.org/10.36555/jasa.v8i2.2552
Saher, K., Zafar, M. F., & Siddique, Q. (2023). The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Green Investments on Sustainable Performance: The Mediating Role of Firm Financial Performance. Global Economics Review, VIII(I), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(viii-i).06
Siedschlag, I., & Yan, W. (2023). Do green investments improve firm performance? Empirical evidence from Ireland.
Spreitzer, G., Porath, C. L., & C.B., G. (2012). Toward human sustainability: How to enable more thriving at work. Organizational Dynamics.
Surbakti, L. P., & Sari, R. P. (2024). Gender Diversity and Sustainability Companies Listed on the IDX Performance of. 8(2), 300–310.
Tien, N. ., Thao, V. ., & Hung Anh, D. . (2019). Sustainability issues in social model of corporate social responsibility. Theoretical analysis and practical implications. Journal of Advanced Research in Management.
Zhang, W., Xu, Z., & Yang, X. (2019). Molecular Simulation of Penetration Separation for Ethanol/Water Mixtures Using Two-dimensional Nanoweb Graphynes,.