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Abstrak
Waste management remains a serious challenge in Indonesia’s pursuit of sustainable environmental development. Amid limitations in infrastructure, institutional coordination, and policy consistency, the effectiveness of local government spending on environmental functions plays a crucial role in promoting waste management efficiency and improving service delivery. This study aims to analyze the effect of environmental function spending on the efficiency of waste management in Indonesia. A quantitative approach is employed using panel data from 34 provinces over the period 2019 to 2023, enabling the assessment of temporal and cross-regional variations. The analysis is conducted using panel regression with a random effects model approach, selected based on statistical tests to account for unobserved heterogeneity among provinces. The results show that environmental function spending has a positive and significant effect on waste management efficiency. This implies that a greater budget allocation to environmental functions leads to higher efficiency in waste management by local governments, likely through improved facilities, human resources, and program implementation. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing local budget policies in the environmental sector to support more effective and sustainable waste management systems, as well as to meet broader development goals related to public health, environmental quality, and climate resilience.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Ayu Lestari, Sri Ningsih

Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Referensi
- Budiyarto, A., Clarke, B., & Ross, K. (2024). Overview of waste bank application in Indonesian regencies. Waste Management and Research, 43(3), 306–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X241242697
- Bui, T. D., Tsai, F. M., Tseng, M. L., Wu, K. J., & Chiu, A. S. (2020). Effective municipal solid waste management capability under uncertainty in Vietnam: Utilizing economic efficiency and technology to foster social mobilization and environmental integrity. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12(9), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120981
- Fan, W., Yan, L., Chen, B., Ding, W., & Wang, P. (2022). Environmental governance effects of local environmental protection expenditure in China. Resources Policy, 77(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102760
- Guzy, M. J., Kaczmarzyk, J., & Sygut, E. (2024). Efficiency of Environmental Protection Expenditure of The General Governments in European Union Member States in the Context of Sustainable Development in Waste Management. 23(2), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2024.23.2.6
- Han, W., Nan, L., Su, M., Chen, Y., Li, R., & Zhang, X. (2019). Research on the prediction method of centrifugal pump performance based on a double hidden layer BP neural network. Energies, 12(14), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12142710
- Honma, S., & Hu, J. L. (2021). Cost efficiency of recycling and waste disposal in Japan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125274
- Kurniawan, R., Kautsar, S., Wahyuni, R. N. T., Gio, P. U., Wongsonadi, S. K., Zubaidi, M., & Andayani, F. (2025). Assessing economic and social determinants of carbon emissions towards sustainable development in West Java, Indonesia. Carbon Research, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00200-0
- Latanna, M. D., Gunawan, B., Franco-García, M. L., & Bressers, H. (2023). Governance Assessment of Community-Based Waste Reduction Program in Makassar. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(19), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914371
- Ma, J., Hipel, K. W., & Hanson, M. L. (2018). An evaluation of the social dimensions in public participation in rural domestic waste source-separated collection in Guilin, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6405-5
- Mihaliková, E., Taušová, M., & Čulková, K. (2022). Public Expenses and Investment in Environmental Protection and Its Impact on Waste Management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095270
- Musgrave, R. A. (1959). The Theory of Public Finance: A Study in Public Economy. McGraw-Hill.
- Neto, A. B. P. S., Simões, C. L., & Simoes, R. (2024). Optimization of municipal solid waste collection system: systematic review with bibliometric literature analysis. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 26(4), 1906–1917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-024-01966-y
- Rivero, S. S., Ramos-Herrera, M. del C., & Rubio-Guerrero, J. J. (2025). Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: Further Evidence for the European Union. Economies, 13(3), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13030060
- Senante, M. M., Maziotis, A., Sala-Garrido, R., & Mocholí-Arce, M. (2023). Factors influencing eco-efficiency of municipal solid waste management in Chile: A double-bootstrap approach. Waste Management and Research, 41(2), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X221122514
- Suhardono, S., Lee, C. H., Thuy Phan, T. T., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2025). Resident action in smart waste management during landfill disclosure transition: Insights from Yogyakarta’s smart city initiatives. Cleaner Production Letters, 8(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clpl.2025.100093
- Tang, Z., Zhang, Z., & Deng, W. (2024). Government Environmental Expenditure, Budget Management, and Regional Carbon Emissions: Provincial Panel Data from China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(15), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156707
- Wang, C. N., Hoang, Q. N., Nguyen, T. K. L., Hsu, H. P., & Dang, T. T. (2022). Measuring Profitable Efficiency, Technical Efficiency, Technological Innovation of Waste Management Companies Using Negative Super-SBM–Malmquist Model. Axioms, 11(7), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070315
- Wikurendra, E. A., Csonka, A., Nagy, I., & Nurika, G. (2024). Urbanization and Benefit of Integration Circular Economy into Waste Management in Indonesia: A Review. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 4(2), 1219–1248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-024-00346-w
- Xiao, L., Fu, B., Lin, T., Meng, L., Zhang, O., & Gao, L. (2023). Promoting and maintaining public participation in waste separation policies — A comparative study in Shanghai, China. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 12(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2023.100112 (Honma & Hu, 2021; Ma et al., 2018; Senante et al., 2023; Suhardono et al., 2025; Xiao et al., 2023)
- Zahrah, Y., Yu, J., & Liu, X. (2024). How Indonesia’s Cities Are Grappling with Plastic Waste: An Integrated Approach towards Sustainable Plastic Waste Management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(10), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103921
- Zhao, W., & Xu, Y. (2022). Public Expenditure and Green Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from Chinese Prefecture-Level Cities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095755
Referensi
Budiyarto, A., Clarke, B., & Ross, K. (2024). Overview of waste bank application in Indonesian regencies. Waste Management and Research, 43(3), 306–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X241242697
Bui, T. D., Tsai, F. M., Tseng, M. L., Wu, K. J., & Chiu, A. S. (2020). Effective municipal solid waste management capability under uncertainty in Vietnam: Utilizing economic efficiency and technology to foster social mobilization and environmental integrity. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12(9), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120981
Fan, W., Yan, L., Chen, B., Ding, W., & Wang, P. (2022). Environmental governance effects of local environmental protection expenditure in China. Resources Policy, 77(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102760
Guzy, M. J., Kaczmarzyk, J., & Sygut, E. (2024). Efficiency of Environmental Protection Expenditure of The General Governments in European Union Member States in the Context of Sustainable Development in Waste Management. 23(2), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2024.23.2.6
Han, W., Nan, L., Su, M., Chen, Y., Li, R., & Zhang, X. (2019). Research on the prediction method of centrifugal pump performance based on a double hidden layer BP neural network. Energies, 12(14), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12142710
Honma, S., & Hu, J. L. (2021). Cost efficiency of recycling and waste disposal in Japan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125274
Kurniawan, R., Kautsar, S., Wahyuni, R. N. T., Gio, P. U., Wongsonadi, S. K., Zubaidi, M., & Andayani, F. (2025). Assessing economic and social determinants of carbon emissions towards sustainable development in West Java, Indonesia. Carbon Research, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00200-0
Latanna, M. D., Gunawan, B., Franco-García, M. L., & Bressers, H. (2023). Governance Assessment of Community-Based Waste Reduction Program in Makassar. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(19), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914371
Ma, J., Hipel, K. W., & Hanson, M. L. (2018). An evaluation of the social dimensions in public participation in rural domestic waste source-separated collection in Guilin, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6405-5
Mihaliková, E., Taušová, M., & Čulková, K. (2022). Public Expenses and Investment in Environmental Protection and Its Impact on Waste Management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095270
Musgrave, R. A. (1959). The Theory of Public Finance: A Study in Public Economy. McGraw-Hill.
Neto, A. B. P. S., Simões, C. L., & Simoes, R. (2024). Optimization of municipal solid waste collection system: systematic review with bibliometric literature analysis. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 26(4), 1906–1917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-024-01966-y
Rivero, S. S., Ramos-Herrera, M. del C., & Rubio-Guerrero, J. J. (2025). Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: Further Evidence for the European Union. Economies, 13(3), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13030060
Senante, M. M., Maziotis, A., Sala-Garrido, R., & Mocholí-Arce, M. (2023). Factors influencing eco-efficiency of municipal solid waste management in Chile: A double-bootstrap approach. Waste Management and Research, 41(2), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X221122514
Suhardono, S., Lee, C. H., Thuy Phan, T. T., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2025). Resident action in smart waste management during landfill disclosure transition: Insights from Yogyakarta’s smart city initiatives. Cleaner Production Letters, 8(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clpl.2025.100093
Tang, Z., Zhang, Z., & Deng, W. (2024). Government Environmental Expenditure, Budget Management, and Regional Carbon Emissions: Provincial Panel Data from China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(15), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156707
Wang, C. N., Hoang, Q. N., Nguyen, T. K. L., Hsu, H. P., & Dang, T. T. (2022). Measuring Profitable Efficiency, Technical Efficiency, Technological Innovation of Waste Management Companies Using Negative Super-SBM–Malmquist Model. Axioms, 11(7), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070315
Wikurendra, E. A., Csonka, A., Nagy, I., & Nurika, G. (2024). Urbanization and Benefit of Integration Circular Economy into Waste Management in Indonesia: A Review. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 4(2), 1219–1248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-024-00346-w
Xiao, L., Fu, B., Lin, T., Meng, L., Zhang, O., & Gao, L. (2023). Promoting and maintaining public participation in waste separation policies — A comparative study in Shanghai, China. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 12(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2023.100112 (Honma & Hu, 2021; Ma et al., 2018; Senante et al., 2023; Suhardono et al., 2025; Xiao et al., 2023)
Zahrah, Y., Yu, J., & Liu, X. (2024). How Indonesia’s Cities Are Grappling with Plastic Waste: An Integrated Approach towards Sustainable Plastic Waste Management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(10), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103921
Zhao, W., & Xu, Y. (2022). Public Expenditure and Green Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from Chinese Prefecture-Level Cities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095755