Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines how environmental management accounting (EMA) contributes to improved environmental performance, particularly among SMEs in developing economies. Moving beyond identifying direct relationships, it explores the mechanism through which this influence occurs. Drawing on the Natural Resource-Based View and Stakeholder Theory, the study investigates both the direct effect of EMA on environmental performance and its indirect effect through green innovation among Batik MSMEs in the Surakarta Residency. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected from 60 owners and managers and analyzed using PLS-SEM to test direct and mediating relationships. The results indicate that EMA has a positive and significant effect on environmental performance. In addition, EMA encourages green innovation, which further enhances environmental outcomes. These findings highlight green innovation as a key mechanism through which internal accounting practices are translated into tangible environmental improvements. Theoretically, the study integrates the Natural Resource-Based View and Stakeholder Theory by framing EMA as a strategic internal capability that enables firms to address stakeholder expectations through innovation. Empirically, it provides evidence from an emerging economy context and offers practical insights for SME managers aiming to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Cahyaning Fitri Wulan Utami, Marita Kusuma Wardani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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References
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- Andi Auliya, R., & Fadlilah, A. H. (2021). The Mediation Effect Firm Performance on Green Innovation and Firm Value: Evidence the Mining Industry. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(3), 1377–1783. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.909
- Andrini, N. S., & Efni, C. (2025). Pengaruh Kinerja Lingkungan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Kinerja Keuangan Sebagai Variabel Intervening. JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Fenomena, 10(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29210/30035754000
- Aslam, S., Elmagrhi, M. H., Rehman, R. U., & Ntim, C. G. (2021). Environmental management practices and financial performance using data envelopment analysis in Japan: The mediating role of environmental performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(4), 1655–1673. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2700
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- Burritt, R. L., Herzig, C., Schaltegger, S., & Viere, T. (2019). Diffusion of environmental management accounting for cleaner production: Evidence from some case studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 479–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.03.227
- Chen, Y. S., Lai, S. B., & Wen, C. T. (2006). The influence of green innovation performance on corporate advantage in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(4), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9025-5
- Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling.
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- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Daromes, & Fransiskus, E. (2020). Peran Mediasi Pengungkapan Lingkungan Pada Pengaruh Kinerja Lingkungan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Akuntansi, 14(1), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.25170/jak.v14i1.1263
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- Mohamed, Abdel-Kader, & Ahmed. (2022). The impact of lean manu facturing practices on sustainability performance: A natural resource-based view. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 18, 3. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6583/2022.03.002
- Oruc, I., & Sarikaya, M. (2011). Normative stakeholder theory in relation to ethics of care. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(3), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471111111154527
- Porter, M. E., & Linde, C. Van Der. (1995). Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship. 9(4), 97–118.
- Purwati, P., Harningsih, T., & Saroh, D. (2023). Gambaran Kadar Timbal pada Pekerja Pewarna Batik di Laweyan. Jurnal Farmasetis, 12(2), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.32583/far.v12i2.1090
- Qian, W., Hörisch, J., & Schaltegger, S. (2018). Environmental management accounting and its effects on carbon management and disclosure quality. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 1608–1619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.092
- Rehman, S. U., Kraus, S., Shah, S. A., Khanin, D., & Mahto, R. V. (2021). Analyzing the relationship between green innovation and environmental performance in large manufacturing firms. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163, 120481. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2020.120481
- Rendrarpoetri, B. L., Rustiadi, E., Fauzi, A., & Pravitasari, A. E. (2024). Sustainability Assessment of the Upstream Bengawan Solo Watershed in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 16(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16051982
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- Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., De Vries, W., De Wit, C. A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G. M., Persson, L. M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B., & Sörlin, S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855
- Sugiyono. (2023). Metode penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
- Susanto, A., & Meiryani, M. (2019). Antecedents of environmental management accounting and environmental performance: Evidence from Indonesian small and medium enterprises. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(6), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8366
- Thomas, A., Scandurra, G., & Carfora, A. (2021). Adoption of green innovations by SMEs: an investigation about the influence of stakeholders. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(6), 44–63. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2020-0292
- Xie, J., Abbass, K., & Li, D. (2024). Advancing eco-excellence: Integrating stakeholders’ pressures, environmental awareness, and ethics for green innovation and performance. Journal of Environmental Management, 352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120027
References
Agustia, D., Sawarjuwono, T., & Dianawati, W. (2019). The mediating effect of environmental management accounting on green innovation - Firm value relationship. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(2), 299–306. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7438
Andi Auliya, R., & Fadlilah, A. H. (2021). The Mediation Effect Firm Performance on Green Innovation and Firm Value: Evidence the Mining Industry. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(3), 1377–1783. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.909
Andrini, N. S., & Efni, C. (2025). Pengaruh Kinerja Lingkungan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Kinerja Keuangan Sebagai Variabel Intervening. JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Fenomena, 10(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29210/30035754000
Aslam, S., Elmagrhi, M. H., Rehman, R. U., & Ntim, C. G. (2021). Environmental management practices and financial performance using data envelopment analysis in Japan: The mediating role of environmental performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(4), 1655–1673. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2700
Baah, C., Opoku-Agyeman, D., Acquah, I. S. K., Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Afum, E., Faibil, D., & Abdoulaye, F. A. M. (2021). Examining the correlations between stakeholder pressures, green production practices, firm reputation, environmental and financial performance: Evidence from manufacturing SMEs. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27(March 2023), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.015
Brontowiyono, W., Boving, T., Asmara, A. A., Rahmawati, S., Yulianto, A., Wantoputri, N. I., Lathifah, A. N., & Andriansyah, Y. (2022). Communal Wastewater Treatment Plants’ Effectiveness, Management, and Quality of Groundwater: A Case Study in Indonesia. Water (Switzerland), 14(19), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193047
Burritt, R. L., Herzig, C., Schaltegger, S., & Viere, T. (2019). Diffusion of environmental management accounting for cleaner production: Evidence from some case studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 479–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.03.227
Chen, Y. S., Lai, S. B., & Wen, C. T. (2006). The influence of green innovation performance on corporate advantage in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(4), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9025-5
Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling.
Christ, K. L., & Burritt, R. L. (2013). Environmental management accounting: The significance of contingent variables for adoption. Journal of Cleaner Production, 41, 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.007
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Daromes, & Fransiskus, E. (2020). Peran Mediasi Pengungkapan Lingkungan Pada Pengaruh Kinerja Lingkungan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Akuntansi, 14(1), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.25170/jak.v14i1.1263
Dini, L., Kusumadewi, R. A., & Hadisoebroto, R. (2023). Penyisihan Logam Berat Krom (Cr) dan Zat Warna Menggunakan Adsorben Kulit Pisang Kepok dalam Air Limbah Batik. Jurnal Reka Lingkungan, 11(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.26760/rekalingkungan.v11i1.37-48
Elkington John. (1997). The Triple Bottom Line Of 21 st Century Business Elkington 1997. Journal Of Business Ethics, 23, 229–234.
Freeman, R. E. E., & McVea, J. (1984). A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management. SSRN Electronic Journal, March. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.263511
García-Machado, J. J., & Martínez-Ávila, M. (2019). Environmental performance and green culture: The mediating effect of green innovation. An application to the automotive industry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184874
Ghozali, I., & Kusumadewi, K. A. (2023). Patrial Least Squares SmartPLS 4.0. Alfabeta.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Corporate Environmental Responsibility, 17–45. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9512280033
Hart, S. L., & Dowell, G. (2011). A natural-resource-based view of the firm: Fifteen years after. Journal of Management, 37(5), 1464–1479. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310390219
Hasan, S. A. S., Waghule, S. N., Al Koliby, I. S., Al-Bukhrani, M. A., Al Haifi, M. M., & Hasan, M. B. (2024). Innovating for sustainability: the role of environmental management accounting in driving environmental performance. Discover Sustainability, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00389-x
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM : A full collinearity assessment approach. 1–10.
Mohamed, Abdel-Kader, & Ahmed. (2022). The impact of lean manu facturing practices on sustainability performance: A natural resource-based view. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 18, 3. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6583/2022.03.002
Oruc, I., & Sarikaya, M. (2011). Normative stakeholder theory in relation to ethics of care. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(3), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471111111154527
Porter, M. E., & Linde, C. Van Der. (1995). Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship. 9(4), 97–118.
Purwati, P., Harningsih, T., & Saroh, D. (2023). Gambaran Kadar Timbal pada Pekerja Pewarna Batik di Laweyan. Jurnal Farmasetis, 12(2), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.32583/far.v12i2.1090
Qian, W., Hörisch, J., & Schaltegger, S. (2018). Environmental management accounting and its effects on carbon management and disclosure quality. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 1608–1619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.092
Rehman, S. U., Kraus, S., Shah, S. A., Khanin, D., & Mahto, R. V. (2021). Analyzing the relationship between green innovation and environmental performance in large manufacturing firms. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163, 120481. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2020.120481
Rendrarpoetri, B. L., Rustiadi, E., Fauzi, A., & Pravitasari, A. E. (2024). Sustainability Assessment of the Upstream Bengawan Solo Watershed in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 16(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16051982
Saadiya, A. Z., Karjoko, L., & Najicha, F. U. (2024). Problematika Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Usaha Sebagai Pelaku Pencemaran Air Di Kota Surakarta. Jurnal Bagian Hukum Administrasi Negara, 5(1), 358–370.
Sari, R. N., Pratadina, A., Anugerah, R., Kamaliah, K., & Sanusi, Z. M. (2020). Effect of environmental management accounting practices on organizational performance: role of process innovation as a mediating variable. Business Process Management Journal, 27(4), 1296–1314. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-06-2020-0264
Shahzad, M., Qu, Y., Zafar, A. U., Rehman, S. U., & Islam, T. (2020). Exploring the influence of knowledge management process on corporate sustainable performance through green innovation. 3. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2019-0624
Singh, S. K., Del Giudice, M., Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J., Latan, H., & Sohal, A. S. (2022). Stakeholder pressure, green innovation, and performance in small and medium-sized enterprises: The role of green dynamic capabilities. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(1), 500–514. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2906
Singh, S. K., Giudice, M. Del, Chierici, R., & Graziano, D. (2020). Green innovation and environmental performance: The role of green transformational leadership and green human resource management. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 150, 119762. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2019.119762
SL, H. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. The Academy of Management Review, 20, 4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/258963
Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., De Vries, W., De Wit, C. A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G. M., Persson, L. M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B., & Sörlin, S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855
Sugiyono. (2023). Metode penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Susanto, A., & Meiryani, M. (2019). Antecedents of environmental management accounting and environmental performance: Evidence from Indonesian small and medium enterprises. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(6), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8366
Thomas, A., Scandurra, G., & Carfora, A. (2021). Adoption of green innovations by SMEs: an investigation about the influence of stakeholders. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(6), 44–63. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2020-0292
Xie, J., Abbass, K., & Li, D. (2024). Advancing eco-excellence: Integrating stakeholders’ pressures, environmental awareness, and ethics for green innovation and performance. Journal of Environmental Management, 352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120027