Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the association of audit quality and audit committee on earnings management through the time line of IFRS implementation phases. The sample of this study consists of consumer goods companies with 237 firm-years observations during 2008 – 2018 from the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This study shows that audit quality can diminish accrual earnings management rather than in real earnings management. Audit committee works well on accrual earnings management rather than on real earnings management. This study limited to Indonesian Consumer Goods companies only. Future researchers might expand the sample and consider qualitative methods to provide valuable insights the minds of the managers and stakeholders, and explanations regarding manager’s incentives can be obtained.
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Copyright (c) 2025 adya puspita, Doddy Setiawan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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References
- Abbott, L. J., Parker, S., & Peters, G. F. (2004). The Effects of Audit Committee Characteristics and Restatements. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 23, 69–87.
- Ahalik, A., & Hardy, Y. (2015). The impact of IFRS implementation, leverage, auditquality, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership towards earnings quality of Indonesian listed companies in LQ-45 index. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 13(1), 183–199.
- Ahmed, M. N., & Zijl, T. (2017). Audit Quality, Earnings Management, and Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence from India. International Journal of Auditing, 1(1).
- Ajekwe, C. M., & Ibiamke, A. (2017). The association between audit quality and earnings management by listed firms in Nigeria. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 5(4), 1–11.
- Almomani, M. A. (2015). The Impact of Audit Quality Features on Enhaancing Earnings Quality: The Evidence of Listed Manufacturing Firms at Amman Stock Exchange. Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, 7(2).
- Alzeban, A. (2019). The Impactof Audit Committee, CEO, and External Auditor Quality of Financial Reporting. Corporate Governance, 20(2), 263–279.
- Alzoubi, E. S. S. (2017). Audit Quality, Debt Financing, and Earnings Management: Evidence from Jordan. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 1(1), 1.
- Amar, A. Ben, & Sayadi, N. (2022). Independent financial expert members on audit committees, earnings management and the role of female directors. Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems, 21(1), 5–24.
- Anisa, A., Widya, N., & Andri, P. (2012). Pengaruh Financial Expertise of Committee Audit Members, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverage terhadap Terjadinya Kecurangan Pelaporan Keuangan. Journal Accounting, 1(1), 128–191.
- Arens, A. A., & Beasley, M. S. (2010). Auditing and Assurance services: An Integrated Approach (15th ed.). Prentice Hall.
- Armstrong, C., Barth, M. E., & Jagolinzer, A. D. (2009). Market Reaction to the Adoption of IFRS in Europe. The Accounting Review, 85.
- Baig, M., & Khan, S. A. (2016). Impact of IFRS on Earnings Management: Comparison of Pre-Post IFRS Era in Pakistan. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30(1), 343–350.
- Barth, M. E., Landsman, W. R., & Lang, M. H. (2008). International accounting standards and accounting quality. Journal of Accounting Research, 46(3), 467–498.
- Bridoux, F., & Stoelhorst, J. W. (2022). Stakeholder theory, strategy, and organization: Past, present, and future. Strategic Organization, 20(4).
- Cai, L., Rahman, A., & Courtenay, S. (2014). The Effect of IFRS Adoption Conditional Upon the Level of Pre-adoption Divergence. The International Journal of Accounting, 49(2), 147–178.
- Cao, Y., Guan, F., Li, Z., & George Yang, Y. (2020). Analysts’ beauty and performance. Management Science, 66(9), 4315–4335.
- Chowdhury, S. N., & Eliwa, Y. (2021). The impact of audit quality on real earnings management in the UK context. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 29(3).
- Christiani, I., & Nugrahanti, Y. W. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Audit terhadap Manajemen Laba. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 16(1), 52–62.
- De George, E. T., Li, X., & Shivakumar, L. (2016). A review of the IFRS adoption literature. Review of Accounting Studies, 21(3), 898–1004.
- DeAngelo, L. E. (1981). Auditor Size and Audit Quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3(3), 183–199.
- DeFond, M., Li, Z., Wong, T. J., & Wu, K. (2024). Competence vs. Independence: Auditors’ connections with members of their clients’ business community. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 78(1).
- DeZoort, T., Hermanson, D. R., Archambeault, D. S., & Reed, S. A. (2002). Audit Committee Effectiveness: A Synthesis of the Empirical Audit Committee Literature. Journal of Accounting Literature, 21(1), 38–75.
- Doukakis, L. (2014). The Effect of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management Activities. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 33(6), 551–572.
- Dzikrullah, A. D., Harymawan, I., & Melinda, C. R. (2020). Internal Audit Functions and Audit Outcomes: Evidence from Indonesia. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1).
- El-Guindy, M., & Keasey, K. (2010). IFRS reporting, audit quality and earnings management: UK evidence. Leeds University of Business Schol.
- Eng, L., & Lin, J. (2019). International Financial Reporting Standards adoption and information quality : Evidence from Brazil. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 30(1), 5–29.
- Ghozali, I. (2017). Multivariate Analysis And Econometrics, Theories, Concepts And Applications With Eviews 8. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
- Hakimi, N., Zolkaflil, S., & Khalid, N. H. (2023). THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDIT, INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES TOWARD FINANCIAL REPORT QUALITY. MAHSA International Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 3(2), 24–36.
- Hamidah. (2017). IFRS Adoption in Indonesia: Accounting Ecology PErspective. International Journal of Economics and Management, 11(S1), 121–132.
- Jamil. M, Abidin, N. H. Z., & Alwi, N. M. (2022). The governance structure on the role of internal auditors in environmental auditing practices: Cases of Malaysian local organisations. Environmental Challenges, 9(5).
- Jeanjean, T., & Stolowy, H. (2008). Do Accounting Standards Matter? An Exploratory Analysis of Earnings Management Before and After IFRS Adoption. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(6), 480–494.
- Jones, J. J. (1991). Earnings Management During Important Relief Investigations. Journal of Accounting Research, 29(2), 193–228.
- Juniarti, Helena, F., Novitasari, K., & Tjamdinata, W. (2018). The Value Relevance of IFRS Adoption in Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 20(1), 13–19.
- Kim, J.-B., Liu, X., & Zheng, L. (2012). The Impact of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Audit Fees: Theory and Evidence. Accounting Review Forthcoming.
- Klein, A. (2006). Audit Committee, Board of Director Characteristics, and Earnings Management. Law and Economics Research Paper, 1(1), 6–42.
- Koutoupis, A. G., & Bekiaris, M. (2019). Audit Committees Impact on Company Performance: The Greek and Italian Experience. International Journal of Auditing and Accounting Studies, 1(1).
- Krishnan, H. A., & Park, D. (2005). A few good women—on top management teams. Journal of Business Research, 58(12).
- Krishnan, G. V. (2003). Does Big 6 Auditor Industry Expertise Constrain Earnings Management? Accounting Horizons, 1(1), 1–16.
- Lawrence, A., Minutti-Meza, M., & Zhang, P. (2011). Can Big 4 versus non-big 4 differences in audit-quality proxies be attributed to client characteristics? The Accounting Review, 86(1), 259–286.
- Lin, J. W., & Hwang, M. I. (2010). Audit Quality, Corporate Governance, and Earnings Management: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Auditing, 14(1), 57–77.
- Martani, D., Rahmah, N. A., Fitriany, F., & Anggraita, V. (2021). Impact of audit tenure and audit rotation on the audit quality: Big 4 vs non big 4. Cogent Economics & Finance, 9(1).
- Martin, J. D., & Sayrak, A. (2003). Did Earnings Management Contribute to the Overvaluation of ENRON stock? Advances in Financial Economics, 8, 127–145.
- Nijam, H. M., & Athambawa, J. (2016). IFRS Adoption and Value Relevance of Accounting Information: Evidence from a Developing Country. International Letters of Social and Humanistics Science, 69(1).
- Nobes, C., & Parker, R. H. (2016). Comparative International Accounting (13th ed.). Pearson.
- OJK, O. J. K. (2015). POJK Nomor 55. OJK. https://www.ojk.go.id/id/kanal/pasar-modal/regulasi/peraturan-ojk/Pages/POJK-Nomor-55.POJK.04.2015.aspx
- Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of Theory and Evidence on Problems and Perspectives. SAGE Publications2, 10(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686217701467
- Partono, A. A., & Purwanto, A. (2015). Pengaruh Karakteristik Komite Audit dan Audit Eksternal sebagai Mekanisme Pengawasan pada Manajemen Laba. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 4(2), 10–23.
- Peasnell, K. V, Pope, P. F., & Young, S. (2005). Board Monitoring and Earnings Management: Do Outside Directors Influence Abnormal Accruals? Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 32(7), 1311–1346.
- Pelucio-Grecco, M. C. (2014). The effect of IFRS on earnings management in Brazilian nonfinancial public companies. Emerging Markets Review, 21(1), 42–66.
- Roychowdhury, S. (2006). Earnings management through real activities manipulation. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 42(3), 335–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2006.01.002
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business A Skill-building Approach (7th ed.). John Wiley and Sons.
- Sitanggang, R. P., Karbhari, Y., Matemilola, B. T., & Ariff, M. (2020). Audit quality and real earnings management: evidence from the UK manufacturing sector. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 16(2), 165–181.
- Tendeloo, B., & Vanstraelen, A. (2008). Earnings management and audit quality in Europe: Evidence from the private client segment market. European Accounting Review, 17(3), 447–460.
- Wan, M. W. M., & Shaista, W. (2019). Effect of audit committee independence, board ethnicity and family ownership on earnings management in Malaysia. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 10(1), 74–99.
- Wawo, A. (2021). Value relevant adopsi IFRS; bukti empiris dari seluruh dunia. Journal of Management & Business, 4(1), 244–255.
- Yushita, A. N., Triatmoko, H., & Rahmawati, R. (2013). Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance, Kualitas Auditor Eksternal dan Likuiditas terhadap Kualitas Laba. Jurnal Economica, 9(2), 141–155.
- Zadeh, F. N., Askarany, D., Shirzad, A., & Faghani, M. (2023). Audit committee features and earnings management. Heliyon, 9(10).
- Zgarni, I., & Halioui, K. (2016). Audit Committee Effectiveness, Audit Quality and Earnings Management: a Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Law and Management, 58(2), 179–196.
References
Abbott, L. J., Parker, S., & Peters, G. F. (2004). The Effects of Audit Committee Characteristics and Restatements. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 23, 69–87.
Ahalik, A., & Hardy, Y. (2015). The impact of IFRS implementation, leverage, auditquality, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership towards earnings quality of Indonesian listed companies in LQ-45 index. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 13(1), 183–199.
Ahmed, M. N., & Zijl, T. (2017). Audit Quality, Earnings Management, and Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence from India. International Journal of Auditing, 1(1).
Ajekwe, C. M., & Ibiamke, A. (2017). The association between audit quality and earnings management by listed firms in Nigeria. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 5(4), 1–11.
Almomani, M. A. (2015). The Impact of Audit Quality Features on Enhaancing Earnings Quality: The Evidence of Listed Manufacturing Firms at Amman Stock Exchange. Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, 7(2).
Alzeban, A. (2019). The Impactof Audit Committee, CEO, and External Auditor Quality of Financial Reporting. Corporate Governance, 20(2), 263–279.
Alzoubi, E. S. S. (2017). Audit Quality, Debt Financing, and Earnings Management: Evidence from Jordan. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 1(1), 1.
Amar, A. Ben, & Sayadi, N. (2022). Independent financial expert members on audit committees, earnings management and the role of female directors. Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems, 21(1), 5–24.
Anisa, A., Widya, N., & Andri, P. (2012). Pengaruh Financial Expertise of Committee Audit Members, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverage terhadap Terjadinya Kecurangan Pelaporan Keuangan. Journal Accounting, 1(1), 128–191.
Arens, A. A., & Beasley, M. S. (2010). Auditing and Assurance services: An Integrated Approach (15th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Armstrong, C., Barth, M. E., & Jagolinzer, A. D. (2009). Market Reaction to the Adoption of IFRS in Europe. The Accounting Review, 85.
Baig, M., & Khan, S. A. (2016). Impact of IFRS on Earnings Management: Comparison of Pre-Post IFRS Era in Pakistan. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30(1), 343–350.
Barth, M. E., Landsman, W. R., & Lang, M. H. (2008). International accounting standards and accounting quality. Journal of Accounting Research, 46(3), 467–498.
Bridoux, F., & Stoelhorst, J. W. (2022). Stakeholder theory, strategy, and organization: Past, present, and future. Strategic Organization, 20(4).
Cai, L., Rahman, A., & Courtenay, S. (2014). The Effect of IFRS Adoption Conditional Upon the Level of Pre-adoption Divergence. The International Journal of Accounting, 49(2), 147–178.
Cao, Y., Guan, F., Li, Z., & George Yang, Y. (2020). Analysts’ beauty and performance. Management Science, 66(9), 4315–4335.
Chowdhury, S. N., & Eliwa, Y. (2021). The impact of audit quality on real earnings management in the UK context. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 29(3).
Christiani, I., & Nugrahanti, Y. W. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Audit terhadap Manajemen Laba. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 16(1), 52–62.
De George, E. T., Li, X., & Shivakumar, L. (2016). A review of the IFRS adoption literature. Review of Accounting Studies, 21(3), 898–1004.
DeAngelo, L. E. (1981). Auditor Size and Audit Quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3(3), 183–199.
DeFond, M., Li, Z., Wong, T. J., & Wu, K. (2024). Competence vs. Independence: Auditors’ connections with members of their clients’ business community. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 78(1).
DeZoort, T., Hermanson, D. R., Archambeault, D. S., & Reed, S. A. (2002). Audit Committee Effectiveness: A Synthesis of the Empirical Audit Committee Literature. Journal of Accounting Literature, 21(1), 38–75.
Doukakis, L. (2014). The Effect of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management Activities. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 33(6), 551–572.
Dzikrullah, A. D., Harymawan, I., & Melinda, C. R. (2020). Internal Audit Functions and Audit Outcomes: Evidence from Indonesia. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1).
El-Guindy, M., & Keasey, K. (2010). IFRS reporting, audit quality and earnings management: UK evidence. Leeds University of Business Schol.
Eng, L., & Lin, J. (2019). International Financial Reporting Standards adoption and information quality : Evidence from Brazil. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 30(1), 5–29.
Ghozali, I. (2017). Multivariate Analysis And Econometrics, Theories, Concepts And Applications With Eviews 8. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hakimi, N., Zolkaflil, S., & Khalid, N. H. (2023). THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDIT, INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES TOWARD FINANCIAL REPORT QUALITY. MAHSA International Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 3(2), 24–36.
Hamidah. (2017). IFRS Adoption in Indonesia: Accounting Ecology PErspective. International Journal of Economics and Management, 11(S1), 121–132.
Jamil. M, Abidin, N. H. Z., & Alwi, N. M. (2022). The governance structure on the role of internal auditors in environmental auditing practices: Cases of Malaysian local organisations. Environmental Challenges, 9(5).
Jeanjean, T., & Stolowy, H. (2008). Do Accounting Standards Matter? An Exploratory Analysis of Earnings Management Before and After IFRS Adoption. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(6), 480–494.
Jones, J. J. (1991). Earnings Management During Important Relief Investigations. Journal of Accounting Research, 29(2), 193–228.
Juniarti, Helena, F., Novitasari, K., & Tjamdinata, W. (2018). The Value Relevance of IFRS Adoption in Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 20(1), 13–19.
Kim, J.-B., Liu, X., & Zheng, L. (2012). The Impact of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Audit Fees: Theory and Evidence. Accounting Review Forthcoming.
Klein, A. (2006). Audit Committee, Board of Director Characteristics, and Earnings Management. Law and Economics Research Paper, 1(1), 6–42.
Koutoupis, A. G., & Bekiaris, M. (2019). Audit Committees Impact on Company Performance: The Greek and Italian Experience. International Journal of Auditing and Accounting Studies, 1(1).
Krishnan, H. A., & Park, D. (2005). A few good women—on top management teams. Journal of Business Research, 58(12).
Krishnan, G. V. (2003). Does Big 6 Auditor Industry Expertise Constrain Earnings Management? Accounting Horizons, 1(1), 1–16.
Lawrence, A., Minutti-Meza, M., & Zhang, P. (2011). Can Big 4 versus non-big 4 differences in audit-quality proxies be attributed to client characteristics? The Accounting Review, 86(1), 259–286.
Lin, J. W., & Hwang, M. I. (2010). Audit Quality, Corporate Governance, and Earnings Management: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Auditing, 14(1), 57–77.
Martani, D., Rahmah, N. A., Fitriany, F., & Anggraita, V. (2021). Impact of audit tenure and audit rotation on the audit quality: Big 4 vs non big 4. Cogent Economics & Finance, 9(1).
Martin, J. D., & Sayrak, A. (2003). Did Earnings Management Contribute to the Overvaluation of ENRON stock? Advances in Financial Economics, 8, 127–145.
Nijam, H. M., & Athambawa, J. (2016). IFRS Adoption and Value Relevance of Accounting Information: Evidence from a Developing Country. International Letters of Social and Humanistics Science, 69(1).
Nobes, C., & Parker, R. H. (2016). Comparative International Accounting (13th ed.). Pearson.
OJK, O. J. K. (2015). POJK Nomor 55. OJK. https://www.ojk.go.id/id/kanal/pasar-modal/regulasi/peraturan-ojk/Pages/POJK-Nomor-55.POJK.04.2015.aspx
Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of Theory and Evidence on Problems and Perspectives. SAGE Publications2, 10(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686217701467
Partono, A. A., & Purwanto, A. (2015). Pengaruh Karakteristik Komite Audit dan Audit Eksternal sebagai Mekanisme Pengawasan pada Manajemen Laba. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 4(2), 10–23.
Peasnell, K. V, Pope, P. F., & Young, S. (2005). Board Monitoring and Earnings Management: Do Outside Directors Influence Abnormal Accruals? Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 32(7), 1311–1346.
Pelucio-Grecco, M. C. (2014). The effect of IFRS on earnings management in Brazilian nonfinancial public companies. Emerging Markets Review, 21(1), 42–66.
Roychowdhury, S. (2006). Earnings management through real activities manipulation. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 42(3), 335–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2006.01.002
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business A Skill-building Approach (7th ed.). John Wiley and Sons.
Sitanggang, R. P., Karbhari, Y., Matemilola, B. T., & Ariff, M. (2020). Audit quality and real earnings management: evidence from the UK manufacturing sector. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 16(2), 165–181.
Tendeloo, B., & Vanstraelen, A. (2008). Earnings management and audit quality in Europe: Evidence from the private client segment market. European Accounting Review, 17(3), 447–460.
Wan, M. W. M., & Shaista, W. (2019). Effect of audit committee independence, board ethnicity and family ownership on earnings management in Malaysia. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 10(1), 74–99.
Wawo, A. (2021). Value relevant adopsi IFRS; bukti empiris dari seluruh dunia. Journal of Management & Business, 4(1), 244–255.
Yushita, A. N., Triatmoko, H., & Rahmawati, R. (2013). Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance, Kualitas Auditor Eksternal dan Likuiditas terhadap Kualitas Laba. Jurnal Economica, 9(2), 141–155.
Zadeh, F. N., Askarany, D., Shirzad, A., & Faghani, M. (2023). Audit committee features and earnings management. Heliyon, 9(10).
Zgarni, I., & Halioui, K. (2016). Audit Committee Effectiveness, Audit Quality and Earnings Management: a Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Law and Management, 58(2), 179–196.