Main Article Content
Abstract
Banking is a highly regulated industry. Hence, it must comply with the regulations. To ensure compliance, an internal audit must exist. This study aims to check and analyze three associated impacts. The first and second are the effects of internal audit competence (IAC) on internal audit quality (IAQ) and bank performance (BP). The third is the influence of IAQ and BP. The population comes from the internal auditors of banks in Jakarta. Because of employing the quantitative approach, this study utilized at least 200 people as the sample. Advantageously, it can obtain 205 auditors based on the snowball sampling technique. Hence, the structural equation model based on covariance is applicable. After processing and examining their response, this study demonstrates that the model fits the data and concludes that (1) IAC and IAQ are positively related, (2) IAC and BP are positively associated, and (3) IAQ and BP are positively connected. Operationally, this study suggests that banks train their internal auditors by inviting experts, aiming to find deviations; therefore, the heads of related departments can fix them. If all departments can do it, the bank will perform well.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Henry Gunawan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hak Cipta (Copyright)
Penulis yang mempublikasikan naskahnya pada Jurnal ini menyetujui ketentuan berikut:
Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
- Penulis mengakui bahwa Jurnal Current : Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi dan Bisnis Terkini berhak sebagai yang mempublikasikan pertama kali dengan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Penulis dapat memasukan tulisan secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-ekskulif dari naskah yang telah terbit di jurnal ini kedalam versi yang lain (misal: dikirim ke respository institusi penulis, publikasi kedalam buku, dll), dengan mengakui bahwa naskah telah terbit pertama kali pada Jurnal Current :Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi dan Bisnis Terkini.
References
- Adams, M. B. (1994). Agency theory and the internal audit. Managerial Auditing Journal, 9(8), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686909410071133
- Afzal, M. (2023). Evaluation of factors contributing to the effectiveness of internal audit quality in Pakistani commercial banks. International Journal of Financial Studies, 11, 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11040129
- Ahmeti, A., Ahmeti, S., & Aliu, M. (2022). Effect of internal audit quality on the financial performance of insurance companies: Evidence from Kosovo. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance, and Accounting, 12(2), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v12i2.551
- Al-Dalaien, B. O., Al-Bawwat, A. H., Almatarneh, Z., Al Zobi, M. K., Alomari, M., & Al-Dalayeen, B. O. (2023). Auditing practices in banks: An empirical study of Jordan. International Journal of Procurement Management, 17(3), 386–401. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPM.2023.131181
- Al-Matari, E. M., & Mgammal, M. H. (2019). The moderating effect of internal audit on the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate performance among Saudi Arabia listed companies. Contaduria y Administracion, 64(4), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.22201/FCA.24488410E.2020.2316
- Alsaeedi, A. M. A., & Kamyabi, Y. (2023). The impact of auditor experience and competence on audit quality with the moderating role of auditors ethics: Evidence from Iraq. Russian Law Journal, 11(11s), 112–128. https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i11s.1880
- Bahari, S. (2024). The impact of board Size and audit committee characteristics on financial performance in foreign exchange banks: Evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian IPTEKS, 9(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.32528/penelitianipteks.v9i1.1474
- Christanto, F., & Susanto, G. F. (2024). The effect of non-performing loans on bank liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 17(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.35508/jom.v17i1.12057
- Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs. PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092
- Dellai, H. (2023). Does internal audit quality improve firm performance? The moderating effect of chief audit executive gender. Information Management and Business Review, 15(2), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i2(I).3363
- Deyganto, K. O. (2019). Internal audit quality and its impact on public sector organizational performance: Evidence from Bureau Sector of Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment, 4(6), 118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20190406.12
- Dharmawati, T., Muhardiana, W. O., Rini, A. P., Parintak, U. R., & Farihu, S. A. V. S. (2024). Analyzing the role of risk-based audit in banking. Journal of International Multidisciplinary Research, 2(6), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.62504/jimr629
- Ghozali, I. (2021). Structural Equation Modeling with Alternative Method of Partial Least Square (5th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
- Gupta, N., & Mahakud, J. (2021). Audit committee characteristics and bank performance: Evidence from India. Managerial Auditing Journal, 36(6), 813–855. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-04-2020-2622
- Hadianto, B., Herlina, H., Mariana, A., Tjahyadi, R. A., & Tjun, L. T. (2023). Financial literacy, self-control, self-esteem, and credit card utilization. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 11(3), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.18488/73.v11i3.3515
- Hazaea, S. A., Al-Matari, E. M., Omer, A. M., Farhan, N. H. S., & Zhu, J. (2024). The impact of internal audit system on performance: Evidence from emerging markets. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 1307. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03835-3
- Hermawan, A., & Bustomi, A. (2022). Impact of internal audit competence and objectivity on quality audit results. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia), 8(1), 170–176. https://doi.org/10.29210/020221298
- Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
- Junaidi, J. (2021). AMOS Application and Structural Equation Modeling. UPT Universitas Hasanuddin Press.
- Kolawole, P. E., Dairo, J., Jacob, P. A., & Olateju D., A. (2020). Internal audit and financial performance of selected manufacturing industries in the consumer-goods sector listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 22(9.VI), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2209060110
- Laras, A. (2022). The Financial Services Authority declares the ideal liquidity for banks. Financial Business. https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20241117/90/1816652/ojk-ungkap-tingkat-likuiditas-bank-yang-ideal-cek-kondisinya-di-bank-ri#:~:text=OJK mencatat rasio pinjaman terhadap,pada rentang 78%25-92%25.
- Le, T. D. Q. (2020). The interrelationship among bank profitability, bank stability, and loan growth: Evidence from Vietnam. Cogent Business and Management, 7, 1840488. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1840488
- Lubis, I. T. (2021). Analysis of the effect of competence and objectiveness on the quality of internal audit results in the inspectorate in Medan City. Jurnal Mantik, 5(2), 1694–1699. https://iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/mantik/article/view/1526
- Magablih, A. M. (2022). The modified impact of CEO characteristics on the relationship between internal audit quality and firm performance in Jordanian corporations. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 12(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v12i1.19549
- Nguyen, T. M. H., To, Y. N., & Nguyen, T. L. H. (2020). Auditing quality from the perspective of auditing firms in Vietnam. Accounting, 6(5), 763–772. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2020.6.007
- Novatiani, R. A., Kusumah, R. W. R., Yadiati, W., Rachmat, R. A. H., & Andry Arifian, R. (2024). Internal auditor competence and internal control: Improving internal audit quality to prevent fraudulent financial statements. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2409339. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2409339
- Pandjaitan, D. R. H., MS, M., & Hadianto, B. (2021). Website quality, e-satisfaction, and e-loyalty of users based on the virtual distribution channel. Journal of Distribution Science, 19(7), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.19.7.202107.113
- Rolle, J.-A., Javed, B., & Herani, G. M. (2020). Micro and macroeconomic determinants of profitability of conventional banks and stock performance using Tobin's Q ratio: Evidence from the banking sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business & Economic Development, 8(2), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v08n02/art-05
- Samuelson, P. A., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2021). Economics (20th ed.). Generic.
- Santa, R., Ferrer, M., Tegethoff, T., & Scavarda, A. (2022). An investigation of the impact of human capital and supply chain competitive drivers on firm performance in a developing country. PLoS ONE, 17(12), e0274592. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0274592
- Sembel, H. J. F., & Mulya, H. (2022). Pengaruh kompetensi, independensi dan profesionalisme auditor internal terhadap kualitas audit: Studi empiris pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi Republik Indonesia. The Proceeding of National Conference on Accounting & Finance, 4, 392–406. https://doi.org/10.20885/ncaf.vol4.art49
- Shah, B. A., Zala, L. B., & Desai, N. A. (2023). An integrated estimation approach to incorporate latent variables through SEM into discrete mode choice models to analyze the mode choice attitude of a rider. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 19, 100819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100819
- Singh, K. S. D., Ravindran, S., Ganesan, Y., Abbasi, G. A., & Haron, H. (2021). Antecedents and internal audit quality implications of internal audit effectiveness. International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 16(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.69864/ijbsam.16-2.145
- Sugiyono, S. (2022). Research Method in Management. Alfabeta.
- Ta, T. T., & Doan, T. N. (2022). Factors affecting internal audit effectiveness: Empirical evidence from Vietnam. International Journal of Financial Studies, 10, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10020037
- Umar, U. H., Shawai, J. S., Adesugba, A. K., & Jibril, A. I. (2024). Audit committee attributes and bank performance in Africa. Corporate Governance, 24(6), 1263–1282. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-03-2023-0098
- Vuong, G. T. H., Phan, P. T. T., Nguyen, C. X., Nguyen, D. M., & Duong, K. D. (2023). Liquidity creation and bank risk-taking: Evidence from a transition market. Heliyon, 9, e19141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19141
- Zarefar, A., & Narsa, I. M. (2023). Does corporate governance drive firm performance? Evidence from Indonesia. Gestao e Producao, 30, e7322. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9649-2022v29e7322
- Zhang, C., Mohammed Shah, S., Lau, Y. W., & Siti, M. N. (2024). The impact of independence, auditors' competence and information technology usage on internal audit quality: Empirical evidence from Chinese commercial banks. Corporate Ownership and Control, 21(3-Special issue), 18–30. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv21i3siart2
References
Adams, M. B. (1994). Agency theory and the internal audit. Managerial Auditing Journal, 9(8), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686909410071133
Afzal, M. (2023). Evaluation of factors contributing to the effectiveness of internal audit quality in Pakistani commercial banks. International Journal of Financial Studies, 11, 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11040129
Ahmeti, A., Ahmeti, S., & Aliu, M. (2022). Effect of internal audit quality on the financial performance of insurance companies: Evidence from Kosovo. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance, and Accounting, 12(2), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v12i2.551
Al-Dalaien, B. O., Al-Bawwat, A. H., Almatarneh, Z., Al Zobi, M. K., Alomari, M., & Al-Dalayeen, B. O. (2023). Auditing practices in banks: An empirical study of Jordan. International Journal of Procurement Management, 17(3), 386–401. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPM.2023.131181
Al-Matari, E. M., & Mgammal, M. H. (2019). The moderating effect of internal audit on the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate performance among Saudi Arabia listed companies. Contaduria y Administracion, 64(4), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.22201/FCA.24488410E.2020.2316
Alsaeedi, A. M. A., & Kamyabi, Y. (2023). The impact of auditor experience and competence on audit quality with the moderating role of auditors ethics: Evidence from Iraq. Russian Law Journal, 11(11s), 112–128. https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i11s.1880
Bahari, S. (2024). The impact of board Size and audit committee characteristics on financial performance in foreign exchange banks: Evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian IPTEKS, 9(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.32528/penelitianipteks.v9i1.1474
Christanto, F., & Susanto, G. F. (2024). The effect of non-performing loans on bank liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 17(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.35508/jom.v17i1.12057
Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs. PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092
Dellai, H. (2023). Does internal audit quality improve firm performance? The moderating effect of chief audit executive gender. Information Management and Business Review, 15(2), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i2(I).3363
Deyganto, K. O. (2019). Internal audit quality and its impact on public sector organizational performance: Evidence from Bureau Sector of Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment, 4(6), 118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20190406.12
Dharmawati, T., Muhardiana, W. O., Rini, A. P., Parintak, U. R., & Farihu, S. A. V. S. (2024). Analyzing the role of risk-based audit in banking. Journal of International Multidisciplinary Research, 2(6), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.62504/jimr629
Ghozali, I. (2021). Structural Equation Modeling with Alternative Method of Partial Least Square (5th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gupta, N., & Mahakud, J. (2021). Audit committee characteristics and bank performance: Evidence from India. Managerial Auditing Journal, 36(6), 813–855. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-04-2020-2622
Hadianto, B., Herlina, H., Mariana, A., Tjahyadi, R. A., & Tjun, L. T. (2023). Financial literacy, self-control, self-esteem, and credit card utilization. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 11(3), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.18488/73.v11i3.3515
Hazaea, S. A., Al-Matari, E. M., Omer, A. M., Farhan, N. H. S., & Zhu, J. (2024). The impact of internal audit system on performance: Evidence from emerging markets. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 1307. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03835-3
Hermawan, A., & Bustomi, A. (2022). Impact of internal audit competence and objectivity on quality audit results. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia), 8(1), 170–176. https://doi.org/10.29210/020221298
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Junaidi, J. (2021). AMOS Application and Structural Equation Modeling. UPT Universitas Hasanuddin Press.
Kolawole, P. E., Dairo, J., Jacob, P. A., & Olateju D., A. (2020). Internal audit and financial performance of selected manufacturing industries in the consumer-goods sector listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 22(9.VI), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2209060110
Laras, A. (2022). The Financial Services Authority declares the ideal liquidity for banks. Financial Business. https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20241117/90/1816652/ojk-ungkap-tingkat-likuiditas-bank-yang-ideal-cek-kondisinya-di-bank-ri#:~:text=OJK mencatat rasio pinjaman terhadap,pada rentang 78%25-92%25.
Le, T. D. Q. (2020). The interrelationship among bank profitability, bank stability, and loan growth: Evidence from Vietnam. Cogent Business and Management, 7, 1840488. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1840488
Lubis, I. T. (2021). Analysis of the effect of competence and objectiveness on the quality of internal audit results in the inspectorate in Medan City. Jurnal Mantik, 5(2), 1694–1699. https://iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/mantik/article/view/1526
Magablih, A. M. (2022). The modified impact of CEO characteristics on the relationship between internal audit quality and firm performance in Jordanian corporations. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 12(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v12i1.19549
Nguyen, T. M. H., To, Y. N., & Nguyen, T. L. H. (2020). Auditing quality from the perspective of auditing firms in Vietnam. Accounting, 6(5), 763–772. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2020.6.007
Novatiani, R. A., Kusumah, R. W. R., Yadiati, W., Rachmat, R. A. H., & Andry Arifian, R. (2024). Internal auditor competence and internal control: Improving internal audit quality to prevent fraudulent financial statements. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2409339. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2409339
Pandjaitan, D. R. H., MS, M., & Hadianto, B. (2021). Website quality, e-satisfaction, and e-loyalty of users based on the virtual distribution channel. Journal of Distribution Science, 19(7), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.19.7.202107.113
Rolle, J.-A., Javed, B., & Herani, G. M. (2020). Micro and macroeconomic determinants of profitability of conventional banks and stock performance using Tobin's Q ratio: Evidence from the banking sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business & Economic Development, 8(2), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v08n02/art-05
Samuelson, P. A., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2021). Economics (20th ed.). Generic.
Santa, R., Ferrer, M., Tegethoff, T., & Scavarda, A. (2022). An investigation of the impact of human capital and supply chain competitive drivers on firm performance in a developing country. PLoS ONE, 17(12), e0274592. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0274592
Sembel, H. J. F., & Mulya, H. (2022). Pengaruh kompetensi, independensi dan profesionalisme auditor internal terhadap kualitas audit: Studi empiris pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi Republik Indonesia. The Proceeding of National Conference on Accounting & Finance, 4, 392–406. https://doi.org/10.20885/ncaf.vol4.art49
Shah, B. A., Zala, L. B., & Desai, N. A. (2023). An integrated estimation approach to incorporate latent variables through SEM into discrete mode choice models to analyze the mode choice attitude of a rider. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 19, 100819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100819
Singh, K. S. D., Ravindran, S., Ganesan, Y., Abbasi, G. A., & Haron, H. (2021). Antecedents and internal audit quality implications of internal audit effectiveness. International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 16(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.69864/ijbsam.16-2.145
Sugiyono, S. (2022). Research Method in Management. Alfabeta.
Ta, T. T., & Doan, T. N. (2022). Factors affecting internal audit effectiveness: Empirical evidence from Vietnam. International Journal of Financial Studies, 10, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10020037
Umar, U. H., Shawai, J. S., Adesugba, A. K., & Jibril, A. I. (2024). Audit committee attributes and bank performance in Africa. Corporate Governance, 24(6), 1263–1282. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-03-2023-0098
Vuong, G. T. H., Phan, P. T. T., Nguyen, C. X., Nguyen, D. M., & Duong, K. D. (2023). Liquidity creation and bank risk-taking: Evidence from a transition market. Heliyon, 9, e19141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19141
Zarefar, A., & Narsa, I. M. (2023). Does corporate governance drive firm performance? Evidence from Indonesia. Gestao e Producao, 30, e7322. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9649-2022v29e7322
Zhang, C., Mohammed Shah, S., Lau, Y. W., & Siti, M. N. (2024). The impact of independence, auditors' competence and information technology usage on internal audit quality: Empirical evidence from Chinese commercial banks. Corporate Ownership and Control, 21(3-Special issue), 18–30. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv21i3siart2